Which of the following are family-based approaches used to address adolescent behavioral problems?

• A. Structural Family Therapy and Functional Family Therapy
• B. PMT
• C. Family risk assessment only
• D. Structural Family Therapy, Functional Family Therapy, and PMT

Answer: (D)

Addressing adolescent behavioral problems often involves working with the family, since family dynamics and parenting practices strongly shape youth behavior. Structural Family Therapy changes how the family is organized—boundaries, roles, and patterns of interaction—so the adolescent’s behavior is guided by clearer structure and supportive relationships. Functional Family Therapy targets overall family functioning, improving communication, problem-solving, and relational patterns to reduce risk behaviors. Parent Management Training teaches parents specific, consistent strategies to reinforce desired behavior and reduce problematic conduct within the home.

Because each of these approaches actively engages the family to influence adolescent behavior, all three are considered family-based interventions. Family risk assessment, by itself, is an evaluative tool rather than an intervention, so it isn’t counted as a family-based approach for addressing behavior in the same way.